β-NMN | Research and limitations

2 detailed study records

Key findings from detailed records

A 10-week randomized trial in postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity and prediabetes reported improved muscle insulin sensitivity and associated signaling with NMN. The result concerns muscle metabolism in this population, rather than a general measure of rejuvenation. PMID 33888596

Edited by LÍFSVARÐASources reviewed: 2026-09-21Updated: 2026-10-24Estimated reading time: 8 min

KNOWLEDGE RECORD

Category: Metabolism and cellular function
Last Reviewed: 2026-09-21

Names and related search termsβ-NMN / NMN / Nicotinamide mononucleotide / Nicotinamide mononucleotide

Study type: selected human intervention studies.

Explore 10 papers by research question ↓

OUTCOME-SPECIFIC EVIDENCE

Scientific Evidence Profile

Assessment pending

An outcome-specific assessment has not yet been completed. This is not a finding that the ingredient is ineffective. The study records below remain available.

This profile concerns the stated outcome and population, not the ingredient as a whole. It is not a probability of benefit, a safety rating, a product efficacy rating or an indication of product adoption.

How we assess evidence

Ingredient Profile

What is it?: β-NMN is beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide, a nucleotide containing nicotinamide. The full chemical name helps distinguish it from other compounds discussed in NAD metabolism. [1]

Sources for this profile

Compound properties and formulation properties are different. These sources do not establish the efficacy of a finished supplement.

PubChem — Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (CID 14180) Chemical identity reference. Maintained by NCBI, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Database record; not a clinical trial.

Profile sources checked: 2026-10-11

Read the evidence in context

Evidence: what was measured in the stated population or experimental model.
Inference: an interpretation connecting findings; its applicability depends on the study conditions.
Hypothesis: a proposed explanation or effect that remains to be tested.

Research Evidence · Scientific Synthesis

Why It Matters #

How should studies of NAD metabolism, single-dose safety and physical function be distinguished? Check the detailed records for study conditions and use the literature map to compare other populations and outcomes.

What Was Studied #

Postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity and prediabetes

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial · 10 weeks PMID 33888596

What Was Found #

Improved muscle insulin sensitivity and associated signaling were reported in the NMN group. PMID 33888596

What the Evidence Means #

A specific population and limited outcomes. The trial did not assess whole-body rejuvenation or equivalent effects in healthy men and women. PMID 33888596

What We Can Learn #

The clamp study links NMN supplementation to muscle glucose handling in a defined metabolic population. It provides a functional metabolic observation to examine alongside NAD-related biomarkers and single-dose pharmacokinetics.

What Remains Unknown #

Further questions include reproducibility across populations and formulations, and the long-term balance of benefits and harms. Use the literature map as a starting point for these questions.

LITERATURE MAP / 10 PAPERS

Compare papers by conditions and findings.

A literature map covering different populations, outcomes and formulations. Read alongside detailed records to avoid treating one trial as the conclusion for an entire ingredient.

Selected: 2026-09-21. Bibliographic information checked against Europe PMC / PubMed. Editorial selection considered major papers and a range of populations and questions. This is not a systematic search covering all recent research.

11 RECORDS

A dash marks fields outside the bibliographic record. Use detailed records to compare findings and design records to connect mechanisms.

Research comparison table
Paper and topic	Study conditions	Findings and scope
Mechanism and designDeclining NAD(+) induces a pseudohypoxic state disrupting nuclear-mitochondrial communication during aging PMID 24360282 #	Study conditions Older mice and other models / NAD⁺ and nuclear–mitochondrial communication —	Findings and scope Research examined NAD⁺ decline and nuclear–mitochondrial communication. Raising NAD⁺ in older mice was reported to restore mitochondrial function. This preclinical study examines NAD⁺ metabolism. The human trial below separately evaluates muscle insulin sensitivity.
Muscle insulin sensitivityNicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.2021 Science (New York, N.Y.)PMID 33888596 #	Study conditions Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Population 25 postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity and prediabetes completed: NMN 13, placebo 12. Dose NMN 250 mg/day versus placebo. Duration 10 weeks Outcomes Insulin sensitivity measured by clamp, muscle signaling and gene expression	Findings and scope Improved muscle insulin sensitivity and associated signaling were reported in the NMN group. View findings and limitations DOI Authors Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, Patti GJ, Franczyk MP, Mills KF et al.
Single-dose intake and tolerabilityEffect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men.2020 Endocrine journalPMID 31685720 #	Study conditions Non-randomized, single-arm, single-dose oral administration study Population 10 healthy Japanese men Dose Single doses of NMN: 100, 250 and 500 mg Duration Clinical and metabolite assessments over 5 hours after each intervention, among other evaluations Outcomes Clinical symptoms, laboratory values and NMN metabolites	Findings and scope No major clinical symptoms were observed, and metabolites increased with dose. This small study examined the feasibility of single-dose administration. View findings and limitations DOI Authors Irie J, Inagaki E, Fujita M, Nakaya H, Mitsuishi M, Yamaguchi S et al.
The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial.2023 GeroSciencePMID 36482258 #	Study conditions —	Findings and scope — Open original paper DOI Authors Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, Lin Z, Vaidya A, Pendse S et al.
Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.2022 NutrientsPMID 35215405 #	Study conditions —	Findings and scope — Open original paper DOI Authors Kim M, Seol J, Sato T, Fukamizu Y, Sakurai T, Okura T
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.2023 Scientific reportsPMID 36797393 #	Study conditions —	Findings and scope — Open original paper DOI Authors Katayoshi T, Uehata S, Nakashima N, Nakajo T, Kitajima N, Kageyama M et al.
Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Retinal Thickness of Older Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study.2026 Geriatrics & gerontology internationalPMID 42082179 #	Study conditions —	Findings and scope — Open original paper DOI Authors Shiraki A, Hara C, Akasaka H, Nakagami H, Sugimoto K, Yasunobe Y et al.
Low-dose oral nicotinamide mononucleotide for immune thrombocytopenia: a phase 1/2 trial.2026 Nature medicinePMID 42056497 #	Study conditions —	Findings and scope — Open original paper DOI Authors Li H, Xu Y, Chen Y, Ji L, Xu Y, Zheng W et al.
Association between blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and blood laboratory parameters at baseline and after nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in middle-aged healthy individuals: post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.2026 GeroSciencePMID 41162813 #	Study conditions —	Findings and scope — Open original paper DOI Authors Kuerec AH, Wang W, Fokke KDM, Yi L, Lin Z, Vaidya A et al.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study.2021 Journal of the International Society of Sports NutritionPMID 34238308 #	Study conditions —	Findings and scope — Open original paper DOI Authors Liao B, Zhao Y, Wang D, Zhang X, Hao X, Hu M
Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women.2022 Scientific reportsPMID 36002548 #	Study conditions —	Findings and scope — Open original paper DOI Authors Fukamizu Y, Uchida Y, Shigekawa A, Sato T, Kosaka H, Sakurai T

The literature map is an index of research questions and references. Individual assessment of results, doses, funding and COI is limited to the detailed study records. Related reports from the same trial may be included; paper counts are not counts of independent trials.

Explore the research Study Records

Listed doses describe study conditions, not recommended intake.

Study RecordPMID 33888596

Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.

PubMed 33888596 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9985

Authors: Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, Patti GJ, Franczyk MP, Mills KF, Sindelar M, Pietka T, Patterson BW, Imai SI, Klein S.
Journal: Science (New York, N.Y.)
Publication year: 2021
Study design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Participants: 25 postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity and prediabetes completed: NMN 13, placebo 12.
Dose and intervention: NMN 250 mg/day versus placebo.
Duration: 10 weeks
Outcomes and their role in the study: Insulin sensitivity measured by clamp, muscle signaling and gene expression
Findings: Improved muscle insulin sensitivity and associated signaling were reported in the NMN group.
Limitations: A specific population and limited outcomes. The trial did not assess whole-body rejuvenation or equivalent effects in healthy men and women.
Funding: NIH, Tanaka Fund and Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital support; Oriental Yeast supplied NMN and placebo.
Conflict of Interest: Imai disclosed patent-licensing income from MetroBiotech and Teijin; Yoshino disclosed an NMN patent application; Klein disclosed Janssen research support and Merck advisory work. Other authors reported nothing to disclose.
Scope of source review: Main author manuscript checked on 2026-10-24, including dose, participants and disclosures. Supplementary material remains unreviewed.

Study RecordPMID 31685720

Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men.

PubMed 31685720 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0313

Authors: Irie J, Inagaki E, Fujita M, Nakaya H, Mitsuishi M, Yamaguchi S, Yamashita K, Shigaki S, Ono T, Yukioka H, Okano H, Nabeshima YI, Imai SI, Yasui M, Tsubota K, Itoh H.
Journal: Endocrine journal
Publication year: 2020
Study design: Non-randomized, single-arm, single-dose oral administration study
Participants: 10 healthy Japanese men
Dose and intervention: Single doses of NMN: 100, 250 and 500 mg
Duration: Clinical and metabolite assessments over 5 hours after each intervention, among other evaluations
Outcomes and their role in the study: Clinical symptoms, laboratory values and NMN metabolites
Findings: No major clinical symptoms were observed, and metabolites increased with dose. This small study examined the feasibility of single-dose administration.
Limitations: No placebo comparison. It did not measure long-term safety of continued use or effects on lifespan.
Funding: Institutional budgets, including Keio University Global Research Institute longevity research support. Oriental Yeast supplied NMN; Itoh disclosed research funding from that company.
Conflict of Interest: Imai disclosed NMN-use and transporter patents licensed to MetroBiotech and Teijin. Shigaki, Ono and Yukioka were Shionogi employees. Itoh disclosed Oriental Yeast research funding.
Scope of source review: Final publisher full text checked on 2026-10-24: single-dose methods, short observation period, results and disclosures.

Cite this page

LÍFSVARÐA. β-NMN: How should studies of NAD metabolism, single-dose safety and physical function be distinguished? / Updated 2026-10-24

https://lifsvarda.com/knowledge/beta-nmn/

Edited by LÍFSVARÐA (product brand).Editorial policy

Sources and updates

Irie J, Inagaki E, Fujita M, Nakaya H, Mitsuishi M, Yamaguchi S, Yamashita K, Shigaki S, Ono T, Yukioka H, Okano H, Nabeshima YI, Imai SI, Yasui M, Tsubota K, Itoh H. (2020). Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men.Final publisher full text checked on 2026-10-24: single-dose methods, short observation period, results and disclosures.
Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, Patti GJ, Franczyk MP, Mills KF, Sindelar M, Pietka T, Patterson BW, Imai SI, Klein S. (2021). Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.Main author manuscript checked on 2026-10-24, including dose, participants and disclosures. Supplementary material remains unreviewed.

2026-10-11: Human-study coverage, findings and comparisons reviewed. Source-review scope is stated for each study.

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